![]() ![]() Research in the VHA showed that in a 4-year period of study, “the risk of overdose deaths was directly related to the maximum prescribed daily dose of opioid medication.” 2 A second article reviews the distribution of naloxone at a VA facility, providing an example of a successful implementation of the VA Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution network (OEND)-the only national naloxone program in any health care system.Įven farther upstream in the effort to reduce the large doses of opioids that are directly related to overdose deaths is an article on an outpatient opioid-monitoring clinic that uses evidence-based medicine to diagnose patients with opioid use disorder. Pharmacists at the Salt Lake City VAMC studied the epidemiology of veterans seen in emergency departments who were given naloxone for unintentional opioid overdoses. Prescription opioids are the subject of 3 articles from VA practitioners: a look at primary, secondary, and tertiary forms of prevention of morbidity and mortality from substance use. We see this need reflected in this issue’s articles authored by clinical pharmacists, nurse practitioners, physicians, and physicians in training, among others. All of medicine is becoming more interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and team-based, but perhaps no other area has as long a legacy or as intrinsic a need for team approaches to care than does the diagnosis and treatment of SUDs. Reflecting this ubiquity, in this special substance use disorders issue of Federal Practitioner we focus on several distinctive and significant efforts of health care practitioners who care for patients with SUDs. Substance use disorders affect every sector of federal health care practice from military pediatrics and VA pathology to PHS primary care. In 2013 the National Institute on Drug Abuse reported that “members of the armed forces are not immune to the substance use problems that affect the rest of society.” 1 Although active-duty service members use illicit drugs less frequently, as would be expected given the potential disciplinary consequences, the prevalence of problematic use of the legal ones-tobacco, alcohol, and particularly prescription medications- is greater among individuals in the military. And although I did not conduct a poll or hold a debate, I suspect that a majority of those who work in the VA, DoD, or PHS would agree that one of the most serious and prevalent public health problems facing those in federal service and in the country at large is the epidemic of substance use disorders (SUDs). Given the recently concluded election season, it may seem that there are few things Americans have in common or can agree on.
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Successful people are constantly learning from the masters, reading and absorbing nuggets of wisdom from the likes of Leonardo Da Vinci, Thomas Alva Edison, and Warren Buffett. Highly recommended,” Elon Musk once tweeted. “Am reading a great biography of Ben Franklin by Isaacson. They may not always remember everything they read, but they still read as much as possible to expand their knowledge and broaden their worldviews. Many successful people learn from people who have come before them. They’re reading self-improvement books, biographies, books about successful people, things like that, says Tom Corley, the author of “Change Your Habits, Change Your Life: Strategies That Transformed 177 Average People Into Self-Made Millionaires.” “The rich are voracious readers on how to improve themselves. Many of them are particularly interested in improving their skills to stay ahead of stay competitive. Many of the most successful people you know are lifelong learners - they are cross-domain readers interested in finding knowledge that connects better. It also makes you more empathetic, curious, and better able to see the world from other people’s perspectives. They know that reading good books and developing a broad knowledge base is one of the most effective ways to improve their lives and careers.īecoming a voracious reader doesn’t just make you more intelligent. They may be interested in specific topics or industries, but they tend to be avid readers in almost every area. They love to read, and they make time for books. They don’t have to they are voracious readers because that’s what they want to do. Many successful people have time to read because they choose to. Not everyone has the time or the motivation to read every day, but reading regularly is one of the best habits you can develop. It also allows you to build your skills, improve yourself and accelerate your growth. Reading helps you develop new perspectives and exposes you to new ideas and ways of thinking. It can be hard to become successful if you don’t know anything about other successful people.Ī growing body of research shows the importance of reading for knowledge, improvement, and personal growth. When you think about it, reading a lot makes sense. You can find some of their recommended books here. ![]() Rowling and many successful people share what they read in public. Today Barack Obama, Richard Branson, Bill Gates, Brené Brown, Sheryl Sandberg, Oprah, Mark Zuckerberg, Reese Witherspoon, J.K. Jane Austen, Theodore Roosevelt, and Queen Elizabeth I are a few of the most famous readers of all time. “All I have learned, I learned from books, he once said. He said in his book, How to Win at the Sport of Business: If I Can Do It, You Can Do It, “To this day, I feel like if I put in enough time consuming all the information available, particularly with the internet making it so readily accessible, I can get an advantage in any technology business.”Īlbert Einstein read books on maths and physics for hours every day. ![]() Mark Cuban reads for more than three hours almost every day. ![]() The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham is one of his favorite books. Warren Buffet spends about almost 8 hours a day reading. From business leaders and political figures to celebrities and regular Joes, the world’s most successful people are high-volume readers. While luck plays a role in success, the people considered the most successful have many habits in common.įor many of the most successful people alive, reading is not just a hobby it’s a way of life. Many people think of success as a result of luck, circumstance, or good fortune. ![]() ![]() I am going to show my maths department your website and encourage them to use it too. I have so much material to use in class and inspire me to try something a little different more often. "Thank you so much for your wonderful site. Thank you for being so creative and imaginative."Ĭomment recorded on the 17 November 'Starter of the Day' page by Amy Thay, Coventry: "This resource has made a great deal of difference to the standard of starters for all of our lessons. They felt really special because the key words came from their own personal information."Ĭomment recorded on the 5 April 'Starter of the Day' page by Mr Stoner, St George's College of Technology: For homework, I asked each student to find a definition for the key words they had been given (once they had fun trying to guess the answer) and they presented their findings to the rest of the class the following day. To engage them I used their name and favorite football team (or pop group) instead of the school name. "I used this with my bottom set in year 9. I have used it with all of my ks3 and ks4 classes and they are all totally focused when counting the triangles."Ĭomment recorded on the 19 October 'Starter of the Day' page by E Pollard, Huddersfield: "I have used your starters for 3 years now and would not have a lesson without one! Fantastic way to engage the pupils at the start of a lesson."Ĭomment recorded on the 23 September 'Starter of the Day' page by Judy, Chatsmore CHS: Pupils should be taught to use sequences and series inĬomment recorded on the 16 March 'Starter of the Day' page by Mrs A Milton, Ysgol Ardudwy: Pupils should be taught to understand and work with geometric sequences and series, including the formulae for the n th term and the sum of a finite geometric series the sum to infinity of a convergent geometric series, including the use of |r| < 1 modulus notation more. Pupils should be taught to understand and work with arithmetic sequences and series, including the formulae for n th term and the sum to n terms more. Pupils should be taught to understand and use sigma notation for sums of series more. Pupils should be taught to work with sequences including those given by a formula for the n th term and those generated by a simple relation of the form x n+1 = f(x n) increasing sequences decreasing sequences periodic sequences more. Pupils should be taught to understand and use the binomial expansion of (a + bx) n for positive integer n the notations n! and nC r link to binomial probabilities. Pupils should be taught to recognise and use sequences of triangular, square and cube numbers, simple arithmetic progressions, Fibonacci type sequences, quadratic sequences, and simple geometric progressions (r n where n is an integer, and r is a positive rational number sequences. Pupils should be taught to recognise geometric sequences and appreciate other sequences that arise. Pupils should be taught to recognise arithmetic sequences and find the nth term more. Pupils should be taught to generate terms of a sequence from either a term-to-term or a position-to-term rule more. Pupils should be taught to generate and describe linear number sequences more. Same Series Sum: Find an arithmetic series and a geometric series that have the same sum of the first five terms. Rice on a Chess Board: How many grains of rice are on a chess board if each square has twice the number of grains as the previous square. Grandmother: How far would grandma have travelled after a suitably large number of days given her walking regime? It is easier than you may think!ĭifference Cipher: Find the mathematical word from the cipherĭouble or Half?: At ten percent change per day is doubling achieved faster than halving? Windmill Sequence: Find the value of the missing term of the sequence. To Be Continued: Work out the next term in the given sequences. Can you also find a general rule for predicting the nth term of the sequence? Spider Sequences: Find the next term of the given number sequences. Sign Sequences: Continue the sequences if you can work out the rule. Sequence Dancing: Find the next term of the number sequences. ![]() ![]() Sea Shells: A question which can be best answered by using algebra. One one: Continue the given number pattern with the help of a little lateral thinking. Missing Terms: Find the missing terms from these linear sequences. House Numbers: The numbers on five houses next to each other add up to 70. Add 'em: Add up a sequence of consecutive numbers. ![]() ![]() This article is part of Project TCG, a Bulbapedia project that aims to report on every aspect of the Pokémon Trading Card Game. As a result of the late change, some retailers began to sell it on the original date. The deck was initially set to release on Jin relevant Western markets overseen by The Pokémon Company International but was altered late-on to July 22 in English-language regions. This deck also contained three exclusive Non Holofoil prints of Chilling Reign Cresselia, two exclusive Non Holofoil prints of Evolving Skies Galarian Articuno, and re-releases of Non Holofoil Sword & Shield Marnie (×4) from the Sword & Shield Build & Battle Box.ĭeck list Shadow Rider Calyrex VMAX League Battle Deck Early in the 2021-22 Standard format, the Shadow Rider Calyrex VMAX archetype was popular due to the titular Pokémon being able to provide Energy acceleration, draw power, and a strong attack all in one.Įach deck included a deck box, two acrylic condition markers, six damage-counter dice, a competition-legal coin-flip die, a rulebook, a Quick Guide, and a code card that could be used to unlock the deck in either the Pokémon Trading Card Game Online or the Pokémon Trading Card Game Live. The two decks available at this time were also the first to be classed as Play Level 3 as a reference to their potential. As part of the League Battle Deck product line, the deck featured cards that were recently prevalent at the time of its release, providing a competitively viable foundation for new or experienced players. The Shadow Rider Calyrex VMAX League Battle Deck was one of two Calyrex-centric decks listed for release on Jand features the Shadow Rider form of the High King Pokémon. With a slew of cards including premium foil cards, sought-after power cards, and a well-tuned set of Pokémon and Trainer cards, the Shadow Rider Calyrex VMAX League Battle Deck does more than feature a Legendary Pokémon of the Galar region: it puts together all the elements to support you in your next match against friends and neighbors, in person or online! Information Take the reins of destiny and battle your way to victory with Shadow Rider Calyrex, the High King Pokémon! This Pokémon VMAX is yours in this powerful, League-ready deck for skilled Trainers and Pokémon TCG players. Shadow Rider Calyrex VMAX Opens the Door to Victory! Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl. A stepwise approach to joint aspiration and injection is detailed in Table 1. Method: SF is primarily obtained by needle aspiration. The primary goal of SF analysis is to discern whether a synovial effusion is noninflammatory, inflammatory, septic, or hemorrhagic. SF, the transudative product of type B synoviocytes, serves as a local lubricant and medium for nutrient replenishment to cartilage and other intraarticular structures. Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol, Calcitriol)ĬPT Codes: Polarized microscopy/Crystal ID 89060 Cell count 89050ĭescription: Synovial fluid (SF) analysis is often used to aid differential diagnosis and therapy.Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Phosphate.Codeine (Also See Acetaminophen + Opioids).Acetaminophen + Opioid (Codeine/Hydrocodone/Oxycodone/Tramadol).Pharmacopoeia For The Rheumatic Diseases.Substance Abuse: Musculoskeletal Manifestations.Sapho (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis) Syndrome.Remitting Seronegative Symmetric Synovitis with Pitting Edema (RS3PE).Nonarticular Disorders (bursitis, tendinitis, enthesitis).Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Musculoskeletal Manifestations.Hepatitis: Musculoskeletal Manifestations.Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH).Dialysis: Muscloskeletal Manifestations.Diabetes Mellitus: Musculoskeletal Manifestations.Calcium Pyrophoshate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease (CPPD). ![]() ![]() Antiphospholipid Antibodies/Lupus Anticoagulant.Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA).Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody.Arthrocentesis & Injections: Wrist (Radiocarpal).Arthrocentesis & Injections: Shoulder (Glenohumeral).Arthrocentesis & Injections: Knee (Patellofemoral).Arthrocentesis & Injections: Hip and Trochanteric Bursal.Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Complaints. Please contact the theme designer if you require a permanent solution to the problem. There are no long-term solutions to the issues discussed below because manual edits to theme files may be overwritten as new themes are added. If you are going to make any changes to the theme files, we recommend performing a backup first. You’ll have to rewrite your theme to implement the breadcrumbs function in Yoast SEO. XML sitemaps can be beneficial to SEO because they speed up Google’s search process and allow it to easily locate the most important pages on a website. Anyone who wants to learn more about website optimization, whether as a beginner or a professional, should participate in the Yoast Academy. In just two steps, you can start using Yoast SEO. Our plugin’s user base includes a bakery around the corner, well-known websites around the world, and even local businesses. ![]() Every week, WordPress’s team provides regular support via the WordPress forums. The primary goal of Yoast is to optimize SEO for the entire world. SEO company Yoast SEO has helped millions of websites around the world to rank higher in search engines since its inception in 2008. We can assist you in tailoring your posts and pages to the needs of our SEO and readability analyses. ![]() In addition to SEO, it handles the technical aspects. Credit: If you use a WordPress plugin, you can use it to improve the performance of your site in search engines. ![]() Thing is, by the time you collect any of these artifacts, you no longer have access to that painting. The painting in the living room is the four-panel piece with the pink flowers on it. Possibly the T-shirt you pull out of the closet near the end of Regular House also counts, but I think that one's just a "switch" to progress. I found: soda can and milkshake (toward the end of the Regular House sections), three separate "memories" (ruined house 1), pumpkin and tuna can (abstract brutalist section the tuna is hidden in a high vent), empty pill bottle and full pill bottle (restroom in airport). My guess is that the artifacts are the objects you pick up throughout the realms (not the item count items). It says (paraphrased): "The living room painting holds a clue, if you can find all the artifacts." If you try to use IDBEHOLD (most likely for an automap, but I actually did this because I couldn't see shit in the basement and just wanted to orient myself with a liteamp temporarily), you get a message. Evil Dog doesn't drop the missing blue keycard or anything like that. As far as I could tell, it doesn't open up anything else in the brutalist sections. I checked to determine that you can kill Evil Dog by killing Good Dog, but then I reloaded my save because that's terrible and I didn't want to do it. I didn't look too hard for a way out, but I don't think there is one. I found the section Jimmy was talking about, but I'm assuming it's an easter egg for noclippers and is meant as a dead end. This is the only one of the six keys I never found, so I have no idea what's there. There's a panel in the abstract brutalist section that requires the blue keycard. The third one I guess would be the Soulsphere that you can see out of the window in Regular House, but I don't know how to get to it. However, once you get on this ledge, there seems to be no way off, so I had to reload and didn't get the item. Another item is a Megasphere that you can ledge jump for in the abstract brutalist reality with Evil Dog. Got 1/3 items, which was the health bonus in the airport. Got 81/117 kills, so there must be more realities with more monsters somewhere.ĭidn't get the 1 secret. Miss you, Tom.Įnded the map with a route that went: regular house (several versions, and I think the route through them all is one-way) => ruined house 1 => abstract brutalist (two or three connected versions) => airport house => airplane => ruined house 2 => empty lot for sale/exit. Making maps of your house was all the rage back-in-the-day, but I feel like this is a pretty adorable and detailed tribute to my friend and a great way to share something of him with a community we loved. Jumping & crouching disabled, freelook is fine From the text file:ġ map: Not much of a challenge and roughly 10 minutes of play time. I may have gotten a little carried away with these new UDMF features and, as such, the map is designed for GZDoom. I haven’t touched an editor in over 15 years so it was quite a surprise to find out how easy mapping has become. As a way of paying tribute to him and all the great memories we had together, I took the plunge and installed Doom Builder in order to polish up his map and add a few modern amenities just for convenience sake. Thomas and I were into amateur Doom mapping in the early 00s but I had never seen this map of his prior to uncovering it on one of the old floppy discs. Among them was a copy of an old map of his backed up on a 3.5” floppy from high school. When I was visiting my hometown for his funeral, I connected with his parents who shared with me some of his old belongings. Last August I lost a good childhood friend of mine and took it pretty hard. Then try relaunching the game.Excited to finally release this tribute map. If you have an NVidia GeForce card, you can also download and install the GeForce Experience to update your cards through that:Īlways make sure you reboot your machine after installing the drivers, just to be safe. For NVidia cards, go to this page and download the appropriate drivers for your card by providing the correct information:. ![]() For AMD cards, download the AMD Catalyst Control Center, which you can find here:.Using Windows or updating software provided by your laptop manufacturer to find more recently drivers is less reliable, as they will likely only have drivers that initially shipped with the product, or will be out of date with the actual video card manufacturer. It is also important that you update your drivers through software provided by your video card manufacturer or directly from their site. ![]() It is assumed this act persuaded Edmund Beaufort to cease his relationship, real or otherwise, with Katherine de Valois, who would shortly become involved with Owen Tudor, a Welshman of no lands and no goods.įrom around 1430 until her death in 1437 it has commonly been accepted that Katherine de Valois and Owen Tudor were secretly cohabiting and together had four children – Edmund, Jasper, Owen and a daughter. In 1427 the king was only six years old, with the expectation he would not be able to grant his assent for another decade. Although evidence of the act no longer exists it was referenced by later historians, including mention by the seventeenth century writer Edward Coke who stated the act stipulated ‘ no man should contract with, or marry himself to any Queen of England, without special licence or assent of the King, on pain to lose all his goods and lands’. This was possibly the catalyst for an unusual parliamentary statue passed that year which expressly forbid the remarriage of any dowager queen without the consent of the king. It is often alleged that an affair was already in commencement by 1427 between the roughly 21-year-old Edmund and 26-year-old Katherine. ![]() This was compounded by rumours that she already had an admirer – the brash and ambitious young Edmund Beaufort. The council which governed in the name of her new-born son Henry VI were presented with the unusual scenario of a dowager queen still young enough to remarry – a potential situation which was a political issue. In 1422 Henry V died of dysentery in France and left a young, beautiful widow, Katherine de Valois. This quarrel turned deadly rivalry would form the foundation of what eventually became known as the Wars of the Roses. This method of overt favouritism did not sit well with Richard, Duke of York, who not unfairly viewed Beaufort as a rival for power. Although dynastically very powerful through his Lancastrian connection, Edmund was not blessed with a great inheritance and was often given many well-paid offices by his cousin Henry VI. So who was Edmund Beaufort? Edmund was born in 1406 and was the son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset and an illegitimate son of John of Gaunt. So should Henry Tudor, first king of the Tudor Dynasty…have in fact been Henry Beaufort? Lately however a theory has been put forward that Henry’s father Edmund was in fact the son of Edmund Beaufort and not Owen Tudor, thus casting the entire Tudor ‘myth’ into disarray. Traditionally it has been understood and accepted that Henry’s direct lineage was as the son of Margaret Beaufort, herself the daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp, and Edmund Tudor, the son of Owen Tudor and Katherine de Valois. For good measure Henry also ensured the people were aware of his descent from the ancient Welsh princes who had ruled the island before the arrival of the Norman Plantagenets and his close-kin to his uncle Henry VI (although he shared no blood ties to English royalty through this connection). Nonetheless it was prudent to put forward a blood claim to the throne which Henry duly did, emphasising his descent from Edward III through his mother Margaret Beaufort. ![]() Henry had wrested the crown from Richard III and claimed kingship through right of conquest – God had granted him victory through battle. When Henry Tudor won the crown of England at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, he acceded to the throne as the first sovereign of the House of Tudor, a cadet branch of the House of Lancaster. ![]() This means that mature skin needs a foundation that won’t settle into those fine lines and wrinkles, which can make them appear even more noticeable. ![]() Stick around for my recommendations on the best drugstore full coverage foundations for different skin types and budgets! Best drugstore full coverage foundation for mature skinĪs we age, our skin tends to become drier and fine lines and wrinkles become more prominent. So, whether you have dry, oily, or mature skin, or if you’re on a tight budget, there’s a drugstore foundation out there for you. So, if you’re looking for an option that won’t break the bank, a drugstore foundation is a great place to start.īut, as I mentioned earlier, it’s important to choose the right one for your skin type. One of the great things about drugstore foundations is that they are often much more affordable than high-end options. Why it’s important to find the best full-coverage foundation for your skin?įoundation is the base for any makeup look, and it’s what evens out the skin tone and provides a smooth canvas for the rest of your makeup.Ī good foundation should match your skin tone, provide enough coverage to hide any imperfections, and have a finish that suits your skin type.Īnd just because you’re on a budget doesn’t mean you can’t achieve all of that with a drugstore foundation. Please see my full disclosure policy for details. That means if you click and buy, I may receive a small commission (at zero cost to you). So let’s dive into the best drugstore full coverage foundations for different skin types and budgets.įirst things first, let’s talk about why foundation is important. You don’t have to break the bank to achieve a flawless base, and drugstore foundations can be just as good as their high-end counterparts. When it comes to finding a drugstore foundation, it’s important to consider your skin type and budget. That’s why I’m excited to share some of my favorite cost-effective drugstore foundations with you today! ![]() The Ultimate Guide to Finding the Best Drugstore Full Coverage Foundation for Your Skin TypeĪs a makeup artist working with different skin types, I know that finding the perfect foundation is crucial for achieving a flawless makeup look.īut with so many high-end options out there, it’s easy to overspend on makeup. ![]() Source: Rob Lavinsky, – CC-BY-SA-3.0 White Danburite While the white semi-precious stones are traditionally sourced from India and Sri Lanka, excellent and accordingly expensive specimens of the white gems are found in Brazil. The white rocks range in clarity from translucent to opaque. These white gemstones are feldspar like orthoclase, moonstone, sunstone and andesine. While also available in shades of yellow, red and green, oligoclase, otherwise known as India sunstone, occurs as white stones. A white crystal of oligoclase White Oligoclase Andalusite and kyanite are largely similar minerals belonging to the aluminosilicate series. The white gemstones were named from Andalusia, Spain, where the white gems were first discovered in 1789. The clarity of the white rocks varies from transparent to nearly opaque. Want to see the rarest of these white gemstones? Jump to -ġ0 Rarest White Stones for Jewelry See more Bizzare extraordinary white crystals of andalusite White Andalusite and KyaniteĪvailable in yellow and green, andalusite also occurs as white stones. The white gems were the first mineral to be named after a person, having been named after Hendrik Von Prehn, a Dutch commander in South Africa. The white gemstones are translucent, though sometimes transparent. While usually green or yellow, prehnite also occurs as white stones. Source: Rob Lavinsky, – CC-BY-SA-3.0 White Prehnite The white rocks are a tin ore, with cassiterite in general providing the most important source of tin to this day. The white gemstones are generally opaque, but are translucent in thin crystals. While usually black, cassiterite also occurs as white stones, as well as red and yellow. The white semi-precious stones were highly prized in China and New Zealand. The Chinese call the translucent white gemstones by the term mutton fat jade, and the opaque white rocks by the name chicken bone jade. The white stones may be translucent or opaque. White jade comes from the kind of jade called nephrite. The white rocks were first discovered in Maine, United States in 1888. The white gemstones may be transparent in clarity, but their refractive index is no higher than quartz hence, the white stones do not make very brilliant gemstones. Source: Rob Lavinsky, – CC-BY-SA-3.0 Berylloniteīeryllonite is a rare species of white gems. The white rocks were traditional birthstones for the month of August, but have been made the modern birthstones for June. The white gemstones are composed of alternate layers of orthoclase and albite, which refract light, giving the white gems the appearance of glowing from within. White Moonstone Necklace White MoonstoneĪs white as the name sounds, moonstones are pearly, opalescent white stones, which come from the family of minerals called feldspars, along with sunstone, oligoclase and andesine. Sapphires in general are the traditional birthstone for April and the zodiac sign Taurus, but have been made the modern birthstones for the month of September, while the precious stones are assigned to the month of July in the Hindu calendar. While sapphires are popularly known to be blue in color, star sapphires also naturally occur as white stones. Star sapphires are sapphires that give a six-rayed star shine when struck by a single light source. via Wikimedia Commons White Star Sapphire 51 Types of Green Gemstones for Jewelry.Gem-quality londonite comes from Madagascar, while white jewels of the rhodizite species are found in Madagascar, Russia and the United States. These white gems are differentiated from their rhodizite cousin with their richer cesium content. While the two white gemstones are visually indistinguishable, londonite is a relatively new species of white rocks whose approval as a separate mineral was made only in 1999. The white rocks are borate minerals similar to salt but resistant to weathering. While also available in yellow, rhodizite and londonite occur as white stones. Source: Leon Hupperichs via Wikimedia Commons White Rhodizite and Londonite Hence, most of the white gems in the market now are synthetic, not natural. There used to be an occurrence of the natural white gemstones in Sri Lanka, but the white stones are now lost. These white rocks are called white spinels. Though popularly known for their red color, spinels also come in translucent to opaque stones of but very light shade. Around 97% of the white gems come from Australia, which accordingly designated opals as the country’s national gemstone. The white precious stones are the traditional and modern birthstones for the month of October. Like other opals, the white gemstones can reflect many colors, owing to their internal structure that diffracts light. Opal comes in a great variety of colors, including black, red, yellow, green, with the most common being the opaque white stones called milk opals. |
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